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Nations and intelligence
Claims that intelligence scores of people living within a national boundary have relationship to other factors of that nation is a controversial area of study. Claims have been made about relationships between nations in average intelligence test scores, their possible causes, and their correlation with measures of social well-being and economic prosperity.
The studies and claims have been hampered by poor data, poor assumptions and poor analysis.
== Background ==
Earl B. Hunt writes that economists traditionally view differences in wealth between nations in terms of human capital, which is a general term for the abilities of the workforce. However, some researchers have argued that differences in average intelligence between nations also play a role. Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen published the books ''IQ and the Wealth of Nations'' and ''IQ and Global Inequality'', which led to further investigations from other researchers, some of them highly critical of Lynn and Vanhanen's methods and conclusions.〔Hunt, Earl. ''Human Intelligence''. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Page 436-437. 'Richard Lynn, whose work on sex and race/ethnic differences was discussed earlier in this chapter, and Tutu Vanhanen, a Finnish economist, invigorated the field with the publication of two challenging books and some related papers. I shall be highly critical of their empirical work, and even more so of their interpretations. They do deserve credit for raising important questions in a way that has resulted in interesting and important findings.'〕
According to Hunt, international studies of intelligence are important because they measure which populations possess the cognitive skills that are necessary in a post-industrial world. He also writes that genetics cannot be ruled out as a possible cause, but that education surely plays a major role, so one should not conclude that human capital in poor countries can never be improved.〔Hunt, Earl. ''Human Intelligence''. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Page 443-445.〕
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